Morteza Motahhari (1919–1979) was a prominent Iranian Islamic philosopher, theologian, and scholar whose intellectual legacy continues to shape modern Islamic thought. Recognized as one of the most influential figures of contemporary Shi’a philosophy, Motahhari’s works cover a wide spectrum of subjects, including ethics, social justice, metaphysics, and political philosophy. His vision sought to harmonize traditional Islamic teachings with the demands of modern society, making him a key figure in both religious and academic circles.
Early Life and Education
Morteza Motahhari was born in Fariman, near Mashhad, Iran. From a young age, he showed a deep interest in religious studies and philosophy. He pursued his higher education in Qom, one of the leading centers of Islamic scholarship, where he studied under notable scholars such as Allameh Tabataba’i and Ayatollah Khomeini. These years of rigorous study provided him with a strong foundation in Islamic jurisprudence, philosophy, and mysticism.
Contributions to Islamic Philosophy
Motahhari was deeply concerned with the role of religion in addressing contemporary social and intellectual challenges. He believed that Islamic philosophy should not remain confined to abstract concepts but should actively engage with real-life issues. His works often emphasized:
- Rationality in Islam – Motahhari highlighted that Islam encourages critical thinking and logical reasoning.
- Justice and Equality – He stressed the importance of justice as a central principle in both personal conduct and governance.
- The Role of Women – In his writings, Motahhari defended women’s rights within the framework of Islamic teachings, arguing for dignity and respect.
- Islamic Revival – He sought to revive Islamic values to counter materialism and Western cultural domination.
Teacher, Writer, and Thinker
In addition to his philosophical work, Motahhari was a gifted teacher. He lectured at Tehran University, where he taught Islamic philosophy and theology. His ability to explain complex ideas in a simple and logical way made him highly respected among students and intellectuals.
As a prolific writer, Motahhari authored numerous books and articles that remain widely read. Some of his notable works include Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism, Divine Justice, and Man and Universe. These writings reflect his deep understanding of Islamic thought while addressing modern challenges such as atheism, secularism, and cultural identity.
Role in the Iranian Revolution
Motahhari was not only a philosopher but also an active participant in Iran’s socio-political transformation. He played a significant role in the intellectual foundation of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. As a close associate of Ayatollah Khomeini, he contributed to shaping the ideological framework that emphasized justice, independence, and the revival of Islamic governance. Tragically, his life was cut short when he was assassinated in May 1979, shortly after the revolution’s success.
Legacy and Influence
Despite his untimely death, Morteza Motahhari’s influence endures. His works are still studied in seminaries, universities, and intellectual circles across the Muslim world. He is remembered as a reformist thinker who combined deep faith with rational inquiry. His legacy continues to inspire debates on how Islamic philosophy can respond to modern challenges while preserving its spiritual essence.
Conclusion
Morteza Motahhari remains a towering figure in modern Islamic thought. As a philosopher, teacher, and revolutionary, he sought to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity. His commitment to reason, justice, and faith established him as a guiding voice in the evolution of contemporary Islamic philosophy. Today, his writings continue to provide valuable insights for anyone interested in the intersection of religion, philosophy, and society.